Wolfgang Schneiderhan plays Mozart, Henze & Martin Welturaufführung mit Widmungsträgern in Luzern: Schneiderhan spielt Martin, Henze und Mozart

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Finding Luzzato’s stylistic polar opposite isn’t easy but Wolfgang Schneiderhan comes pretty close. Best known for his dignified interpretations of Beethoven, Schneiderhan prioritised purity and clarity of argument above the purely sensual or virtuoso aspects of violin playing. A recent Audité CD gathers together three radio recordings from the Lucerne Festival, opening with a rather febrile and heavily etched 1952 account of Mozart’s Fifth Concerto under Paul Hindemith, Schneiderhan’s sound unpalatably shrill, with an unvaried though insistent vibrato and very little in the way of tonal colouring. Schneiderhan’s conceptually similar DG stereo version from 1968 (with the Berlin Philharmonic—recently reissued in DG’s ‘The Violin: 111 Legendary Recordings’) is marginally subtler than this older broadcast effort. Hans Werner Henze’s First Violin Concerto of 1947, a concise and eventful work that the violinist subsequently recorded commercially under the composer’s direction (again for DG), receives a far more lively and responsive performance, both in terms of the actual violin playing and Ferdinand Leitner’s vivid conducting. Best of all is the 1968 world premiere of Frank Martin’s 11-minute Magnificat where Schneiderhan partners his wife the soprano Irmgard Seefried under the sensitive direction of Bernard Haitink, a beautiful piece that was dedicated to the couple and was later integrated into Martin’s Maria-Tryptichon. Variable mono sound more than passes muster throughout.

Wolfgang Schneiderhan was a frequent performer at successive Lucerne festivals over the decades. The three works in this disc were recorded in the Kunsthaus in the period between 1952 and 1968 and reveal three differing aspects of his art; the Classicist, the purveyor of contemporary repertoire and the inspirer of new music.

I reviewed the earliest known example yet to have surfaced of Schneiderhan performing Mozart’s A Major concerto. That was a wartime inscription where the Orchestra of the German Opera House, Berlin was directed by Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt in 1943. The two men later collaborated on a studio performance, though the one conducted by Leitner and in particular self-directed by the violinist in 1967 are probably better known. Schneiderhan was renowned for his Mozart which was clean as a whistle and pure-toned, sparing with overt expressive devices, but suitably and sufficiently plangent in the slow movement. The playful wit he so suavely delivers in the finale can hardly have been hindered by the substitute conductor, one Paul Hindemith, who took the place of an indisposed Furtwängler. Admirers of the violinist will recall that he and Carl Seeman recorded Hindemith’s Third Violin Sonata.

Henze’s 1947 First Concerto is the work of a precocious twenty-one-year-old. It’s cast in four movements and is heard in this August 1964 traversal where the violinist is accompanied by Ferdinand Leitner, with whom Schneiderhan gave numerous concerto appearances and with whom he recorded in the studio. Though Henze parades a tone row the music is quite resolutely neo-classical in essence. With Leitner extracting a great deal of orchestral colour it’s a perfect vehicle for Schneiderhan’s stylistically apt musicianship. The scherzo is a sardonic march and the slow movement’s communing qualities, reaching a slow-moving threnody, are superbly and movingly realised here. The strong rhythmic charge of the finale, with a paragraph of erotic cantabile, is equally well projected.

Frank Martin had promised the violinist and his wife, soprano Irmgard Seefried, a joint work. Schneiderhan had recorded Martin’s Violin Concerto with Ernest Ansermet in 1952 so maintained a strong affinity for the composer’s music. After a long delay, there came the Magnificat, heard in this 1968 world premiere performance directed by Bernard Haitink. The stridently austere vocal part – no texts, unfortunately, in the booklet – suggests something of an anguished piece but gradually the music lightens in tone to embrace a kind of raptness of spirit, supported by Martin’s alert orchestral palette. Martin later incorporated this piece as the second movement of his Maria-Triptychon, a work the violinist was to perform in 1984 with Edith Mathis.

Hartmut Lück’s sleeve notes are excellent and the tapes, direct from the original masters, are in a particularly well-preserved state. This valuable triptych of performances shows Schneiderhan in the round in Lucerne.

Wolfgang Schneiderhan gehört unbestritten zu den bedeutendsten Geigern, die unser Land im vergangenen Jahrhundert hervorgebracht hat. Konzertmeister sowohl der Wiener Symphoniker als auch der Wiener Philharmoniker, Solist und begehrter Kammermusiker und über Jahrzehnte Lehrer u.a. am Salzburger Mozarteum oder an der Wiener Musikakademie. Legendär sind seine Aufnahmen als Solist, vor allem mit dem Repertoire aus der Zeit der Klassik. Dass er aber auch gegenüber Zeitgenössischem aufgeschlossen war, beweist unsere CD der Woche, auf der neben Mozart auch Hans Werner Henze und Frank Martin zu hören sind.

Normalerweise sind es runde Jubiläen wie Geburtstage, Premieren oder auch Todestage, die Labels dazu veranlassen, bisher unveröffentlichtes Archivmaterial aus der Taufe zu heben. Bei audite und seinem Leiter Ludger Böckenhoff allerdings gehört es zur Unternehmensphilosophie, alten Aufnahmen neuen Glanz zu verleihen und somit bedeutende Künstler längst vergangener Tage wieder in Erinnerung zu rufen. Genauso geschehen ist das auch bei der jüngst veröffentlichten CD „Wolfgang Schneiderhan in Luzern“, mit Aufnahmen aus den Jahren 1952, 1964 und 1968. Drei Konzertmitschnitte, die natürlich nur ein kleines Schlaglicht auf die vielen Auftritte werfen können, die Schneiderhan in fast 40 Jahren am Vierwaldstättersee gespielt hat.

„Mit welcher tonlichen Noblesse und musikalischen Feinnervigkeit, mit welch unübertrefflichem Stilempfinden, technischer Brillanz und Eleganz wurde hier musiziert!“ So schwärmte 1952 ein Musikkritiker des Luzerner „Vaterlandes“ über Schneiderhans Mozart unter der Leitung von Paul Hindemith. Die CD lässt uns nun dieses Ereignis nacherleben, Mozart in bester Wiener Tradition, auf Manierismen verzichtend, stringent im Tempo und doch den nötigen Raum für kleine Rubati bietend. Dazu gibt es das erste von drei Violinkonzerten von Hans Werner Henze, entstanden 1947, und den Mitschnitt der Uraufführung von Frank Martins Magnificat, komponiert für Violine, Sopran und Orchester, also für Schneiderhan und seine Frau Irmgard Seefried. Sie ist natürlich auch in der Sopran-Solopartie zu erleben. Ein faszinierendes Tondokument, das die Qualität des legendären Geigers Wolfgang Schneiderhan in geeignetster Weise würdigt. Und wenn man, wie eingangs erwähnt, doch einen zeitlichen Grund zur Veröffentlichung dieser CD suchen wollte, sein Todestag jährt sich am 18. Mai zum 15. Mal.

In the spotlight of this latest volume in Audite's Lucerne Festival edition is the Austrian violinist Wolfgang Schneiderhan (1915-2002). He was one of several artists who made an outstanding contribution to the Festival over the years since its inauguration in 1938. He first appeared there in 1949, and went on to make annual visits most years until 1985. His trio, in which he was joined by the pianist Edwin Fischer and the cellist Enrico Mainardi, appeared there several times. Schneiderhan also gave master-classes at Lucerne. The attraction of the present release is that it features three recordings revealing the diversity of the violinist's work at the Festival. All are broadcast performances, culled from the archives of Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF).

Schneiderhan studied with Otakar Ševčík in Pisek and later with Julius Winkler in Vienna. He fulfilled the role of first Concertmaster of the Vienna Symphony Orchestra from 1933 to 1937, and then went on to lead the illustrious Vienna Philharmonic from 1937 to 1951. He later pursued a solo career, becoming one of the mainstays at Deutsche Grammophon. His repertoire focused on the Viennese classics, but he later developed an interest in contemporary music, and made commercial inscriptions of works by Martin, Henze and Stravinsky.

The Mozart A major Concerto is the earliest surviving example of Schneiderhan at Lucerne, dating from August 1952. At the helm of the Swiss Festival Orchestra is none other than Paul Hindemith, who had stepped in at short notice for an indisposed Wilhelm Furtwängler. I've long been familiar with Schneiderhan's DG recording of this work from February 1967, where he directs his own performance with the Berlin Philharmonic. In fact, on that occasion, he set down all five concertos, the Adagio in E and the two Rondos. The same poise, refinement and elegance informs this earlier live airing. Tempi feel comfortable, and phrasing natural and unforced. The slow movement is beautifully realized, with Schneiderhan eloquently shaping the phrases, and Hindemith providing sensitive support.

Hans Werner Henze wrote three violin concertos, and the first dates from 1947 when he was twenty-one. This live performance was taped in August 1964. The violinist later went on to record it for DG in May 1968 with the composer, himself, conducting. The work, with its echoes of Hindemith, Bartók and Stravinsky, is set in four movements, and covers a wide emotional range. It makes formidable technical demands on the soloist. Schneiderhan delivers a confident and assured performance. The opening movement is deftly scored with some colourful orchestration, which Ferdinand Leitner points up effectively. Schneiderhan brings energy and panache to the scherzo-like second movement. The slow movement which follows has a dream-like quality, and reminded me very much of the second movement of the Berg Concerto. The finale has a neo-classical flavour, and is here performed with verve and vigour. The success of the performance is confirmed by the enthusiastic applause at the end.

The live performance of Frank Martin's Magnificat for soprano and solo violin from 1968 happens to be the premiere. The vocalist is the distinguished German soprano Irmgard Seefried (1919-1988). Seefried was married to Schneiderhan and the work was written for and dedicated to the couple. The conductor on this occasion is Bernard Haitink. Schneiderhan had already performed the composer's Violin Concerto with Haitink at the Festival two years earlier. Martin originally set out to write a Stabat Mater, but changed course. Seefried adopts a declamatory tone in the opening pages, with the violin very much consigned to the background. Four minutes in, the mood becomes more settled, with the violin emerging from the shadows. After a while the music becomes more rhythmically charged and strident. I was surprised how well the violin and singer blend in the mix. Martin's orchestration is brilliantly scored and colourful. The work ends in an atmosphere of serenity and peace. It's regrettable that no text is provided.

Transferred from the original master tapes, the performances sound very fine. Audite are to be commended for restoring these archival treasures.

Live performances from the 1950s and '60s that mark out Schneiderhan as a first-rate Mozartian and a valued champion of contemporary music in a fizzing account of the Henze Concerto.

Der österreichische Geiger Wolfgang Schneiderhan war 38 Jahre alt, als er unter Paul Hindemiths Leitung in Luzern das 5. Violinkonzert von Mozart aufführte. Hindemith war 58. Aber beide manifestieren in dem Livemitschnitt, den Audite jetzt auf CD zugänglich macht, eine großartige jugendliche Frische mit manchmal überraschend spontan wirkenden Akzentuierungen in einem generell sehr lebendigen Musizieren, mit einem wohlartikulierten und legatobetonten Spiel des Geigers.

Danach ist Schneiderhan in dem ebenfalls erstmals veröffentlichten Luzerner Live-Mitschnitt mit Henzes Erstem Violinkonzert zu hören, in dem er die verspielten Passagen mit den harscheren Formulierungen und den lyrischen Passagen spannungsvoll verbindet.

Abschließend erklingt Frank Martins ‘Magnificat’ für Sopran, Solovioline und Orchester. Der Schweizer Komponist schuf dieses außergewöhnlich besetzte Werk, das er ein Jahr später zu seinem Marien-Triptychon erweiterte, eigens für Schneiderhan und dessen Ehefrau, die Sopranistin Irmgard Seefried. Der hier veröffentlichte Mitschnitt der Welturaufführung mit den beiden Widmungsträgern ist also ein besonders wichtiges Tondokument. Martin vertonte den Text der Lutherbibel (also nicht die Einheitsübersetzung). Der Text ist im Booklet nicht enthalten, kann aber hier abgerufen werden: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnificat.

Das Werk hat nichts Freudiges, es ist eher eine fast fanatisch klingende Verehrung Gottes, und Irmgard Seefried zeichnet Maria, als sei sie in Transe.

With three very different works, this is a welcome homage to Austrian violinist Wolfgang Schneiderhan. His Mozart is extremely fresh and spontaneous, the high-contrast Henze Concerto well shaped. The Martin Magnificat, dedicated to the violinist and his wife Irmgard Seefried, is a truly special work, presented here in a very intense performance, recorded during the creation of the piece in Lucerne.